Heartburn during pregnancy

Heartburn during pregnancy is a common complaint. Heartburn occurs on daily basis in at least 20% of North Americans and is even more common in obese individuals. It is estimated that more than 70 percent of women develop heartburn during the latter stages of pregnancy. 

Heartburn is sometimes referred to as acid indigestion. The disorder primarily occurs when acid from the stomach is pushed up (refluxes) inside the swallowing tube (esophagus). The potent acid then causes a burning sensation in the chest. Heartburn during pregnancy usually becomes more prominent in the 2^nd or 3^rd trimester. As the uterus enlarges, it pushes on the stomach. The stomach contents in turn then reflux into the esophagus. In normal people, there is a valve at the end of the esophagus that prevents the acid from refluxing. In pregnancy, it is believed that the female sex hormone, estrogen, also causes loosening of this valve and allows acid to reflux upwards.

What worsens heartburn during pregnancy?

Heartburn can also occur after overeating or from certain foods. Foods that can cause excess relaxation of the valve in the lower esophagus include caffeine, alcohol, citrus fruits, garlic, onions, chocolate, tomatoes and peppermint. Moreover, oily foods can also cause heartburn. One of the most common causes of heartburn in North America is smoking, which not only relaxes the valve but also stimulates acid secretion.